Previous Editions

Sylburg 1590

Romanae Historiae Scriptores Graeci Minores, qui partim ab Urbe condita, partim ab Augusto, , imperatio, res Romanas memoriae prodiderunt … opera et studio Friderici Sylburgii Veterensis. Tomus tertius. Frankfurt am Main: Andreas Wechel 1590. fol. [4], pp. 1052, pp. 69, fol. [1].

Digitized edition: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek, 999/2Class.162. URN. IIIF.

The editio princeps of Paeanius (pp. 63–133) by Friedrich Sylburg (1536–1596) appeared in his collection of Greek writers on Roman history, a monumental work that also included the editio princeps of Zosimus’s New History. Sylburg had procured an exemplar of Paeanius’s text from François Pithou’s library, which most likely had been copied from Pierre Pithou’s manuscript (the Pithoeanus). Sylburg’s edition features Eutropius’s Latin Breviarium and Paeanius’s translation in two columns (Latin on the other margin, Greek on the inner) aiming to match the corresponding passages in the layout (for the lacunae in books 6 and 7, Sylburg left some space in the Greek text). In his usual manner, Sylburg largely kept to the readings of his manuscript even when they appeared corrupted, indicating problematic words or phrases with an asterisk (*). Sylburg’s numerous emendations and remarks on textual criticism are to be found in his Notationes (pp. 901–912) and Indices (pp. 971–1052: Index verborum et formularum notatu digniorum; Appendix, pp. 2–69: Index verborum et rerum notatu digniorum). Sylburg’s critical acumen had brought forth an edition so thorough that until Droyen 1879 and Lambros 1912, hardly any substantial additional emendations were proposed.

Cellarius 1678

Eutropi Breviarium Romanae Historiae. Ab Urbe condita usque ad Valentinianum et Valentem Augustos: Cum Metaphrasi Graeca Paeanii. Christophorus Cellarius, Smalcaldiensis, recensuit, Notis, atque Indicibus locupletavit. Cizae [Zeitz], Sumtu Io. Bielkii 1678. ff. [22], pp. 274 [i.e. 268], pp. 42, ff. [13].

Digitized edition: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek, 999/Class.231. URN. IIIF.

Almost a century after the editio princeps, Christoph Cellarius (1638–1707), who at the time served as headmaster of the Stiftsgymnasium Zeitz, produced a new edition of Eutropius and Paeanius at the suggestion of his friend Veit Ludwig von Senckendorff, a renowned educationist in the Duchy of Saxe-Zeitz. Cellarius hoped that his edition would be useful for the study of Ancient Greek in high schools, and indeed it had a considerable impact: Being less bulky and much cheaper than Sylburg’s edition, it was awarded several reprints (on which see below).

In his edition, Cellarius kept the layout of his predecessor (Latin on the outer margin, Greek on the inner). More importantly, he emended the Greek (and Latin) text according to Sylburg’s suggestions as well as a few of his own, and he introduced exegetical footnotes. His Annotationes criticae (Appendix, pp. 1–42) contain some remarks on Paeanius’s text (pp. 28–42), most of which go back to Sylburg’s Notationes.

Cellarius ²1698

Eutropi Breviarium Romanae Historiae ad Valentem Augustum, ab urbe condita ad illius usque et fratris Valentiniani tempora deductum: Cum Metaphrasi Graeca Paeanii. Christophorus Cellarius recensuit iterum, et Commentariis ubique auctis ac reformatis, nec non et rerumet verborum Indicibus plenioribus locupletavit. Jena, Io. Bielkii 1698. ff. [26]., pp. 331, ff. [14].

Digitized edition: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, A.lat.b. 984. URN. IIIF.

After having been appointed professor of Rhetorics and History at the newly-founded University of Halle in 1694 (whose chancellor was his friend Senckendorff), Cellarius produced a revised edition of Eutropius/Paeanius, largely because his continuous work on the Latin text had made it necessary to replace his first edition. He also changed the layout, placing Eutropius’s Latin text at the top of the page with Paeanius’s Greek translation under it (pp. 1–288; Adnotationes criticae, pp. 289–315. Animadversiones in Metaphrasin Graecam, pp. 316–331). He explained that in so doing he hoped to avoid an apparently common misunderstanding that the Greek was the original and the Latin a mere translation.

After Cellarius’s death, the second edition of his book was reprinted (without changes) four times (3rd edition, 1716; 4th edition, 1726; 5th edition, 1740; 6th edition, 1755).

Hearne 1703

Eutropii Breviarium Historiae Romanae, cum Paeanii Metaphrasi Graeca. Messala Corvinus De Augusti Progenie. Iulius Obsequens De Prodigiis. Anonymi Oratio funebris Gr. Lat. In Imp. Constant. Constantini M. fil. Cum variis Lectionibus et Annotationibus. Oxford: Sheldon 1703. ff. [9] (prefaces); 163 [177]: [Eutropius and Paeanius]); 19 [20] (Messala Corvinus); 32 [44] (Iulius Obsequens); 13 [14] (Anonymus).

Digitized edition: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, A.lat.b. 985. URN. IIIF.

Thomas Hearne (1678–1735), assistant keeper of the Bodleian Library, published another synoptic edition of Eutropius and Paeanius which he dedicated to Henry Dodwell. Hearne adopted Cellarius’s layout with the Latin on top and the Greek translation below (pp. 1–142). In addition to the usual historical footnotes, Hearne’s edition featured a small collection of (critical) Annotationes (pp. 143–163), which exclusively deal with the Latin text and largely ignore Paeanius, save for some criticism of his translation (p. 160).

Havercamp 1729

Eutropii Breviarium Historiae Romanae, Cum Metaphrasi Graeca Paeanii, et notis integris … Accendunt Sexti Rufi Breviarium … et Messala Corvinus De Progenie Augustoi, ut et Anonymi Oratio funebris in Constantinum Iuniorem. Ex mss. bibl. Lugd. Bat. Recensuit Sigebertus Havercampus … Ludguni Batavorum [Leiden], Johann Arnold Langerak 1729. fol. [42], pp. 774, fol. [31].

Digitized edition: Coburg, Landesbibliothek, A III 8. URN. IIIF.

The fourth edition of Paeanius by Sigebert [Sivert] Havercamp (1684–1742), professor of Greek at the Leiden University since 1721, featured virtually the same texts as Hearne 1703. It was furnished with excerpts from previous scholarship on the authors quoted in extenso and footnotes that, for the Eutropius part, frequently took over four fifths of the page. Haverkamp opted for printing the Paeanius text separately from Eutropius (pp. 575–700, after Rufius Festus’s Breviarium). The sparse footnotes to the Metaphrasis were all taken from Cellarius, and Haverkamp’s only original contribution seems to be his supposition that Sylburg’s manuscript, the Pithoeanus, might be the same as the Paeanius manuscript in the Bavarian Court Library (f. [29v], in a footnote to Gerard Vossius’s preface).

Schmid 1736

Παιανίου Μετάφρασις εἰς τὴν τοῦ Εὐτροπίου Ῥωμαϊκὴν ἱστορίαν. Paeanii Metaphrasis Eutropii Historiae Romanae. Leoburgi [Lauenburg]: Johann Christoph Berenberg 1736. pp. 128.

Digitized edition: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 8 AUCT LAT V, 5543. PURL. IIIF.

Intended for use in grammar schools, this edition had just the plain Greek text of Paeanius without any notes ore prefatory material. Its editor chose to remain anonymous but was identified, in the preface to Harenberg 1763 (see below), as Christian Friedrich Schmid (1683–1746), headmaster of the Johanneum in Lüneburg. The Greek text is virtually the same as in Cellarius ²1698, with a few misprints.

Verheyk 1762

Eutropii Breviarium historiae Romanae cum Metaphrasi Graeca Paeanii, et notis integris … Accedit Rufus Festus, cum notis integris … Recensuit, suasque adnotationes cum indicibus copiosissimis addidit Henricus Verheyk. Leiden: Luchtmans 1762. pp. LIV, fol. 38, pp. 772.

Digitized edition: Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek, LR 383. URN. IIIF.

The edition by Jan Hendrik Verheyk [Verheijk] (1725–1784), then headmaster at the Amsterdam gymnasium, followed the same pattern as Haverkamp 1729. For the Paeanius text (pp. 527–664), which was again printed separately from Eutropius, Verheyk was much more generous with footnotes, adding not only comments from his predecessors but also his own observations on aspects of the Metaphrasis and its relation to the Latin Breviarium.

Various typesetting errors in the Paeanius text were listed by Verheyk himself on the final two pages of his book, and corrected in the editio altera accuratior et emendatior (Leiden: Luchtmans 1793. Digitized at Google Books).

Harenberg 1763

Παιανίου Μετάφρασις εἰς τὴν τοῦ Εὐτροπίου Ῥωμαϊκὴν ἱστορίαν. Paeanii Latina interpretatio in Eutropii Historiam Romanam concinnata. Braunschweig: B. Ludolph Schröder 1763. fol. 6, pp. 128.

Digitized edition: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 8 AUCT LAT V, 5546. PURL.

This edition is a reprint (with identical layout and page division) of Schmidt 1736 with an extended introduction and a list of misprints (which are not corrected in the text itself). In the preface, the editor credits Christian Friedrich Schmid as his predecessor. The preface is signed with the initials “I. C. H.”, which fits Johann Christoph Harenberg (1696–1774), who at the time taught at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig; and indeed the edition is listed among his publications in Meusel’s Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller (5:164). This attribution was first acknowledged in Groß 2020:391 n. 18.

Kaltwasser 1780

Παιανίου Μετάφρασις εἰς τὴν τοῦ Εὐτροπίου Ῥωμαϊκὴν ἱστορίαν. In usum scholarum edidit indicemque omnium verborum adiecit I. Frid. Salom. Kaltwasser. Gotha: C. W. Ettlinger 1780. pp. [8], 421.

Digitized edition: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, A.lat.b. 992 s. URN. IIIF.

The school edition by Johann Friedrich Salomon Kaltwasser (1752–1813), who had taught Greek at the Gotha gymnasium illustre since 1778, was the most ambitious edition of Paeanius in the 18th century. Furnished with a succinct yet instructive introduction, a list of previous editions, ample footnotes and indices, it merited the success of becoming the standard edition for the next 100 years. In customary manner, Kaltwasser quoted from the notes of his predecessors but also added quite a few of his own, especially in terms of textual criticism. His Index Graecitatis features Latin (and sometimes German) semantic equivalents as well as short historical and exegetical explanations.

Dukas 1807

Εὐτροπίου Ἐπιτομὴ τῆς Ρωμαϊκῆς Ἱστορίας εἰς βιβλία δέκα Μεταφρασθεῖσα ἐκ τῆς Λατινίδος εἰς τὴν Ἑλληνίδα παρὰ Παιανίου, Κᾀντεῦθεν αὖθις εἰς τὴν νῦν συνήθως Ὁμιλουμένην Παρὰ Νεοφύτου Δούκα παρ΄ οὗ καὶ ἐξεδόθη εἰς τόμους Δύο. Τόμος Πρῶτος. Wien: Georgios Vendotis 1807. fol. [33], pp. 390.

Digitized edition: University of Crete – Rethymno, ΦΗ 1807.25. Anemi (with PDF).

During the Greek enlightenment, the scholar Neophytos Dukas (1760–1845) did much to advance Greek learning in the European diaspora. Living in Vienna from 1803 to 1815, he worked as a teacher and lobbyist for Greek independence and published several editions and schoolbooks with Viennese publishers. His Paeanius, like all edition until then, solely relies on previous editions, most notably the ones by Haverkamp and Verheyk. One facing pages it provides a modern Greek translation (into katharevousa) of Paeanius and the Ancient Greek text, the lost parts of which are substituted (without indication) with Dukas’s own translation from Eutropius’s Latin Breviarium. The indices of his edition make up Vol. 2 (titled Λεξικὸν τῶν ἐνδόξων ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ ἱστορίᾳ τοῦ Εὐτροπίου). – Dukas’s contributions to textual criticism and exegesis are difficult to assess, and indeed his aim seems to have been dissemination rather than scrutiny. Dukas frequently changes the Greek text without notice and does not indicate the authorship of other corrections in his footnote apparatus.

Droysen 1879

Eutropi Breviarium ab urbe condita cum versionibus Graecis et Pauli Landolfique additamentis recensuit et adnotavit H. Droysen (MGH Auct. ant. 2). Berlin: Weidmann 1879. pp. LXXII, 430.

Digitized edition: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 4 Germ.g. 131 t,B-2. URN. IIIF.

The first critical edition of Paeanius was prepared by Hans Droysen (1851–1918), based on previous editions (especially Sylburg, Cellarius and Kaltwasser) as well as Droysen’s own collation of the manuscript L, while M was ruled out as an apograph. It appeared at a time where Paeanius held special interest for textual criticism in Eutropius, so the decision to print the Latin and Greek text on facing pages (along with a collection of fragments of another Greek translation, attributed to Capito of Lycia) was a natural choice. A handful of typesetting errors notwithstanding, Droysen’s edition (informed with some emendations by his mentor Theodor Mommsen) proved reliable and stayed in use even though he had not used the only nearly-complete textual witness (I).

Lambros 1912

Spyridon Lambros: Παιανίου Μετάφρασις εἰς τὴν τοῦ Εὐτροπίου ἱστορίαν, in: Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων 9 (1912), 3–115.

Digitized edition: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 8 SVA II, 400. Wikimedia Commons (PDF).

During his cataloguing mission to the Holy Mountain 1880, Spyridon Lambros (1851–1919) had come across the only (nearly-)complete textual witness of Paeanius’s Metaphrasis (I) and published the previously unedited parts along with a selection of variant readings in 1897. He also consulted the manuscripts L and M and noted their variants in the critical apparatus to his edition, which he self-published in his one-man journal Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων. His edition marked a great advance due to having consulted the most important textual witness, but it has some considerable flaws in methodology. Nevertheless it has been used (sometimes alongside Droysen’s) as the standard edition, and its inclusion in the TLG database in the 1970s has helped its limited original distribution to great extent, especially with the advent of the online TLG.