Digital Dictionary of Rare Lexemes in Symmachus’ Psalter

Lemma δια-στροφᾶσθαι Etymology
Related διαστροφή

denominative from διαστροφή ("twisting, distortion")
English transl. to writhe, be twisted, distorted
German transl. sich winden
Evidence διεστροφᾶτο
(verb, 3rd sg. impf. ind. mid./pas.)		 Ps 54:5a σ′ חיל) יָחִיל)
Equivalents LXX ταράσσω
 Ps 54:5a ἐταράχθη
MT חיל I
 Ps 55:5a יָחִיל (qal)
Hexapla ὠδίνω
 Ps 54:5a α′ ὠδίνησεν
Bibliography: Busto Saiz (1978: 489); Lust (2000) s.v. διαστροφάομαι: “to be distorted, to be broken (of a heart)“ היל; Kottsieper / Steudel (2023) s.v. חיל‎ I: “kreißen, in Wehen liegen“; Gesenius (2013: 345).

Symmachus uses the lexeme διαστροφᾶσθαι in his translation of Psalm 54[55]:5. This verse reads as follows in the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text:

 

LXX Ps 54:5a–b, ed. A. Rahlfs

MT Ps 55:5a–b, ed. H. Bardtke (BHS)

aἡ καρδία μου ἐταράχθη ἐν ἐμοί, 

bκαὶ δειλία θανάτου ἐπέπεσεν ἐπʼ ἐμέ·

לִ֭בִּי יָחִ֣יל בְּקִרְבִּ֑י 

וְאֵימ֥וֹת מָ֝֗וֶת נָפְל֥וּ עָלָֽי׃

English translation by NETS:

English translation by NJPS:

My heart was troubled within me,

And death’s terror fell upon me.

My heart is convulsed within me;
terrors of death assail me.

German translation by LXX.D:

German translation by Elberfelder:

Mein Herz erschrak in mir, 

und Todesangst fiel über mich

Mein Herz bebte in meinem Innern, 

und Todesschrecken haben mich befallen.

Hexaplaric Evidence for διαστροφᾶσθαι (σ' Ps 54:5a)

The Göttingen Hexapla Database, which is in its Beta version, gives the following information for Psalm 54:5a:

 

LXX Ps 54:5a

MT Ps 55:5a

LXX

MT

α'

σ'

ἡ καρδία μου

לִבִּי

ἡ καρδία μου Field

ἡ καρδία μου Field

ἐταράχθη

יָחִיל

ὠδίνησεν Field

διεστροφᾶτο Field

ἐν ἐμοί

בְּקִרְבִּי

ἐν ἐγκάτῳ μου Field

ἔνδον μου Field

MT

The Tiberian Masoretic Text reads יָחִיל, a qal verb from the root חיל.[1] In its most basic sense, the verb חיל (qal) describes the painful process of labor up to the point of birth.[2] As TDOT explains, it is “a comprehensive term for everything from the initial contractions to the birth itself. This state is characterized by recurring spasms of pain which are not subject to conscious control, during which the woman in labor writhes—a process that can be accompanied by a sense of fear or anxiety, screams, and groans.”[3] Oftentimes, however, the term is used figuratively to describe an emotional state: “strong fear and distress, compared to the state of mind of a woman in labor; often accompanied by physical side-effects, like writhing and trembling.”[4] The figurative sense is present in Psalm 55[54]:5, where the subject is the psalmist’s “heart” (לֵב), “the locus of feelings” and, specifically, “the locus where the reaction to a threatening situation is physically experienced.”[5] Thus, translations have sometimes rendered the verb in Psalm 55[54]:5 with an emotion-related word: “anguish” (NRSVue, ESV, REB, NIV), “ängstet sich” (LUT2017). Rashi glosses it with the Hebrew verb ידאג (“be anxious, afraid”).[6] Other translations draw out the physiological aspects of fear that are connoted by the verb חיל: “writhe” (JPS1917), “convulse” (NJPS), “krampft sich” (HFA), “bebt(e)” (NGÜ, ELB, EÜ, ZÜR).[7]

            The following chart shows each occurrence of the biblical Hebrew verbal root חיל in the Psalter, together with its attested Greek translation equivalents.[8]

 

חיל qal

Ps 55[54]:5

 יָחִיל

ἐταράχθη (LXX)[9]

ὠδίνησεν (α')

διεστροφᾶτο (σ')

διαστροφάομαι

σαλεύομαι

ταράσσομαι

τιτρώσκομαι

φοβέομαι

ὠδίνω

Ps 77[76]:17

יָחִילוּ

καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν (LXX)

καὶ ὠδίνησαν (α')

καὶ ὠδίνησαν (ε')

Ps 96[95]:9

חִילוּ

σαλευθήτω (LXX)

Ps 97[96]:4

וַתָּחֵל

καὶ ἐσαλεύθη (LXX)

καὶ ὠδίνησεν (α')

καὶ ἐτρώθη (σ')

Ps 109[108]:22[10]

 חָלַל

τετάρακται (LXX)

τέτρωται (α')[11]

חיל polel

Ps 29[28]:9

יְחוֹלֵל

καταρτιζομένου (LXX, θ')

ὠδίνοντος (α')

πληθύνοντος (σ')

μαιουμένου (ε')

καταρτίζομαι

μαιόομαι

πλάσσομαι

πληθύνω

ὠδίνομαι

ὠδίνω

Ps 90[89]:2

וַתְּחוֹלֵל

καὶ πλασθῆναι (LXX)

καὶ ὠδινηθῆναι (α', σ')

חיל polal

Ps 51[50]:7

חוֹלָלְתִּי

συνελήμφθην (LXX)

ὠδινήθην (σ')

συλλαμβάνομαι

ὠδίνομαι

חיל hiphil

Ps 29[28]:8a

יָחִיל

συσσείοντος (LXX)

ὠδίνοντος (α')

ἐκτοκίζοντος (σ')

ἐκτοκίζω

συσσείω

ὠδίνω

Ps 29[28]:8b

יָחִיל

συσσείσει (LXX)

ὡδινήσει (α')

ἐκτοκίσει (σ')

LXX

In Psalm 54[55]:5, the Septuagint translates יָחִיל as ἐταράχθη (aorist, passive, indicative; lexical form: ταράσσω/ταράσσειν), which NETS renders as “was troubled” (cf. Ps 108[109]:22). In this context, it refers specifically to “mental agitation” and is “associated with fear and angst.”[12] The Psalms translator uses this relatively common Greek verb to render a wide variety of Hebrew words.[13]

Aquila & Symmachus

For Psalm 54(55):5a, the translations of Aquila and Symmachus have been preserved. The Göttingen database, in its Beta version, has taken these readings from Field’s edition of Origen’s Hexapla. Field presents the readings of Aquila and Symmachus as follows: “Ἀ. ἡ καρδία μου ὠδίνησεν ἐν ἐγκάτῳ μου. Σ. ἡ καρδία μου διεστροφᾶτο ἔνδον μου.” [14] In the footnote, he indicates the sources for these readings: “Euseb. Ad Aquilam Montef. ἐν ἐγκάτοις μου edidit, invito Euseb. Syro-hex.: Σ. διεστροφᾶτο ἔνδον μου (ܡܬܗܦܟ ܗܘܐ ܓܘܝ).”[15] The reading for Aquila is based only on Eusebius. According to Eusebius (see below), Aquila uses the Greek word ὠδίνησεν (lexical form: ὠδίνω), which captures the basic meaning of חיל: “to have the pains of childbirth, be in travail.”[16] The reading for Symmachus has two sources: Eusebius and the Syro-Hexapla. These are discussed in the following section. 

Manuscript Attestation and Patristic Evidence

Eusebius

The quotation of Eusebius is based on the 10th century manuscript Codex Coislinianus 44, the only direct witness of Eusebius’ commentary for this psalm. The reading attributed to Symmachus for Psalm 54:5a – ἡ καρδία μου διεστροφᾶτοἔνδον μου – appears on page 19v near the top of the right column.

 

Codex Coislinianus 44, f.19v

https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11004562j/f22

 

The passage, together with its immediate context, reads as follows according to Bandt’s edition.[17] An English translation has been provided.

 

καὶ νῦν πάλιν·

ἡ καρδία μου ἐταράχθη ἐν ἐμοί, 

 

κατὰ δὲ τὸν Ἀκύλαν »ἡ καρδία μου«, φησίν, »ὠδίνησεν ἐν ἐγκάτῳ μου«,

 

κατὰ δὲ τὸν Σύμμαχον »ἡ καρδία μου διεστρωφᾶτο ἔνδον μου«. 

And now again:

“My heart was troubled within me” 

 

But according to Aquila:

“My heart,” he says, “was in labor inside me”

 

But according to Symmachus,

“My heart was writhing within me.”

 

There is a spelling issue that involves the reading in question. Bandt’s edition reads διεστρωφᾶτο (with an o-mega), whereas Codex Coislinianus 44 reads διεστροφᾶτο (with an o-mikron) (see image above). The spelling διεστρωφᾶτο must be an editorial mistake, because the text for this particular passage is based exclusively on Codex Coislinianus 44, which clearly has an o-mikron.[18] The mistake appears to have originated with Migne’s edition, which also reads διεστρωφᾶτο.[19] By contrast, Montfaucon’s edition, which Migne reprinted, gives the correct spelling: διεστροφᾶτο.[20]

Syro-Hexapla

            The Syro-Hexapla translates the Septuagint text of Psalm 54:5a as ܠܒܝ ܐܬܕܠܚ ܒܝ. The verb ܐܬܕܠܚ means “to be perturbed.”[21] The marginal note then presents Symmachus’s reading. Instead of ܐܬܕܠܚ, Symmachus has ܡܬܗܦܟ ܗܘܐ, a translation of διεστροφᾶτο. The verb ܡܬܗܦܟ means “to be (over)turned” or, figuratively, “to be agitated.”[22]

 

Codex Ambrosianus (Syro-Hexapla) f.17v (annotated)

Refined Representation of Hexaplaric Evidence (σ' Ps 54:5a)

            A refined representation of the reading in question and its attestation looks like this:

 

LXX Ps 54:5a

MT Ps 55:5a

LXX

MT

α'

σ'

ἡ καρδία μου

לִבִּי

ἡ καρδία μου (Eusebius)

ἡ καρδία μου (Eusebius)

ἐταράχθη

יָחִיל

ὠδίνησεν (Eusebius)

διεστροφᾶτο (Eusebius; cf. Syh: ܡܬܗܦܟ ܗܘܐ)

ἐν ἐμοί

בְּקִרְבִּי

ἐν ἐγκάτῳ μου (Eusebius)

ἔνδον μου (Eusebius; cf. Syh: ܓܘܝ)

Analysis of σ' διαστροφᾶσθαι in Ps 54:5

The word διεστροφᾶτο, used by Symmachus in Psalm 54[55]:5 to translate יָחִיל, is an imperfect, medio-passive, indicative, third-person singular verb that can be traced back to the base form διαστροφάομαι (infinitive: διαστροφᾶσθαι).The lexeme διαστροφάομαι appears to be a hapax legomenon in all of Greek literature. As such, it has largely fallen through the cracks of Greek lexicography. Some lexica omit the word altogether, while several of those which do include it either misspell it (διαστρωφάομαι, see above) or group it under the lexeme διαστρέφω.[23]

 

Biel and Mutzenbecher, Thesaurus I (1779), 390

Διαστρέφω, perverto, averto. החיל hiph. a חול parturio, dolore contremisco, Sym. Ps. LIV, 5. …

Schleusner, Thesaurus I (1829 [London edn]), 583

ΔΙΑΣΤΡΕ´ΦΩ, perverto, averto, distorqueo, depravo. הֵחִיל, Hiph. a חוּל, parturio, doloribus contremisco. Symm. Psalm. LIV. 5. ἡκαρδία μου διεστροφᾶτο. Convenit haec versio cum propria vocis Hebr. significatione, quae est volvendi et distorquendi, ut multis docuit Simonis Lex. Hebr. pag. 521. Cor meum volvebatur in me est metaphorice commotum est, perturbatum doluit. …

Hatch and Redpath, Concordance I (1975, orig.: 1897), 312

διαστροφᾶσθαι [Sm. Ps. 54 (55). 5.]

Dimitrakos, Λεξικόν IV (1949), 1947

διαστρωφῶμαι-άομαι διαστρέφομαι βλ. λ. : Σύμμ.ΠΔ Ψαλμ.54(55).5.

Liddell and Scott, Lexicon (1996), 413

διαστρωφάομαι, =  διαστρέφομαι, Sm.Ps.54(55).5.

Adrados, et al., DGE (2006)

διαστροφαόμαι [sic] retorcerse ἡ καρδία μου διεστροφᾶτο ἔνδονμου Sm.Ps.54.5.

Montanari, Dictionary (2015), 510

διαστρωφάομαι, contr. VT (Sym.) Ps. 54.5, pass. of διαστρέφω.

Montanari, Wörterbuch (2023), 482

διαστρωφάομαι, kontr. VT. (Sym.) Ps. 54.5, Pass. von διαστρέφω.

 

            In terms of morphology, it is unlikely that διαστροφάομαι derives from the verb stem διαστρέφω, as some of the lexica imply. Διαστροφάομαι (or διαστροφάω) differs from διαστρέφω in two significant ways: (1) it has an omicron in the stem instead of an epsilon;[24] (2) it is a contract verb (-άω). Thus, rather than deriving from διαστρέφω, the morphology suggests that διαστροφάομαι is a denominative verb derived from the noun διαστροφή. The ending -άω is often used to form denominative verbs from first-declension nouns.[25] The Cambridge Grammar of Classical Greekgives the following examples:

 

τιμάω honor

τιμή honor

νικάω win, be victorious

νίκη victory

μηχανάομαι contrive by design

μηχανή contrivance, scheme

θηράω hunt, chase

θήρα hunting, chase

αἰτιάομαι accuse

αἰτία cause

 

The denominative suffix -αω remained productive during the post-classical period.[26] Deriving διαστροφάομαι from διαστροφή would fit this pattern. According to Smyth, “Verbs in -αω denote to do, to be, or to have, that which is expressed by the stem.”[27] Because the noun διαστροφή means “twisting, distortion, contortion,” the verb διαστροφάομαι would mean, presumably, “to be twisted, distorted, contorted.”[28]

            Interpreting διαστροφάομαι as a denominative form derived from διαστροφή also makes sense in the context. Psalm 54(55):3b–5 in Symmachus’s translation reads as follows:[29]

 

3b

κατηνέχθην προσλαλῶν ἐμαυτῷ

καὶ συνεχύθην

I was brought down as I was talking to myself, 

and I was thrown into confusion

4a

ὑπὸ φωνῆς ἐχθροῦ 

ὑπὸ ἐνοχλήσεως ἀσεβοῦς[30]

by the sound of an enemy, 

by the disturbance of an ungodly person;

4b

ὅτι ἐπέρριψαν κατ’ ἐμοῦ [εἰς] ἀσέβειαν

because they hurled ungodliness against me,

4c

καὶ μετ’ ὀργῆς ἠναντιώθησάν μοι[31]

and with anger they opposed me.

5a

ἡ καρδία μου διεστροφᾶτο ἔνδον μου

My heart was writhing within me,

5b

καὶ μέριμναι φοβεραὶ θανάτου ἐπέπιπτον ἐπ’ ἐμέ[32]

and terrifying thoughts of death were falling upon me.

 

The verb διεστροφᾶτο appears to mean “was twisting, writhing, being distorted,” a figure of speech for a state of extreme fear, as when someone thinks they are about to die (cf. v. 5b). A suitable English gloss in this context would be the word “writhe,” which can mean “to twist so as to distort” and is associated with pain and negative emotion, including fear.[33]Symmachus’s word choice accurately captures an aspect of the underlying Hebrew verb חיל, which often implies “writhing and trembling.”[34]


            [1] The hiphil form would be identical (יָחִיל). But because the hiphil is transitive/causative (e.g., Ps 29:8), the verb here is most likely qal.

            [2] Cf. Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament, 18th edn, ed. Herbert Donner (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2013), 345; Ludwig Köhler/Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, trans. M.E.J. Richardson (Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000), 310.

            [3] A. Bauman, “חיל,” in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, ed. G. Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren, trans. David E. Green (Grand Rapids/Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans, 1980), 345.

            [4] Reinier de Blois, “חיל,” Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (United Bible Societies, 2025), https://marble.bible/dictionary?s=חיל&db=Hebrew. 

            [5] Christo H.J. van der Merwe, “The Conceptualization of Heart as an Active Zone Body Part in Biblical Hebrew,” in Where Is the Way to the Dwelling of Light?: Studies in Genesis, Job and Linguistics in Honor of Ellen van Wolde, ed. Hanneke van Loon and Pierre van Hecke (Leiden: Brill, 2023), 294–318, on p. 300.

            [6] Rashi’s Commentary on Psalms, trans. Mayer Irwin Gruber, Brill Reference Library of Judaism 18 (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2004), 829.

            [7] Cf. David M. Stec, ed., The Targum of Psalms, The Aramaic Bible 16 (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2004), 111: “My heart trembles (ירתית) within me.”

            [8] Weak roots that contain the radicals ח and ל are notoriously difficult to sort out. As Bauman, TDOT, 344, writes, “The root ḥyl cannot always be easily distinguished from words derived from the roots ḥwl, ḥll, ḥālāh, and yḥl, all of which likewise contain the radicals ḥ and l.” The chart here is based primarily on the data in Abraham Even-Shoshan, ed., קונקורדנציה חדשׁה לתורה נביאים וכתובים, 4th edn (Jerusalem: Kiryat-Sefer, 1983), 364–5. Shoshan distinguishes three different חיל roots. Only the first חיל root is included in the chart. The only addition we have made to Shoshan’s list is the verb חלל in Ps 109:22 (see below).

            [9] Citations of “LXX” in this column are based on Alfred Rahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1931). Hexaplaric citations are based on Frederick Field, Origenis Hexaplorum quae supersunt, 2 Job-Malachi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1875). Forms that have been retroverted from Syriac are italicized.

            [10] The verb חלל in this verse is probably a by-form of חיל. This could be an example of conjugational suppletion, when one root is used for the qatal form and a different root used for the yiqtol form. Cf. M.Z. Kaddary, “חלל = ‘Bore’, ‘Pierce’? Note on Ps. CIX 22,” Vetus Testamentum 13, no. 4 (1963): 486–89.

            [11] Field, Origenis Hexaplorum, 266: “s[ive] ἐκκεκέντηται.”

            [12] Takamitsu Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint (Louvain: Peeters, 2009), 671. 

            [13] √בהל (Pss 2:5; 6:3, 4, 11; 29:8; 47:6; 82:16, 18; 89:7; 103:29), √עשׁשׁ (Pss 6:7; 30:10, 11), √רגז (Pss 17:8; 76:17); √סחר (Ps 37:11), √המה(Pss 38:7; 45:7; 64:8), √שׁיח (Ps 41:7), √מור (Ps 45:3), √חמר (Ps 45:4a), √רעשׁ (Ps 45:4b) √הום (Ps 54:3), √חיל (Ps 54:5), √להט (Ps 56:5), √נדד (Ps63:9), √שׁלל (Ps 75:6), √פעם (Ps 76:5), √צמת (Ps 87:17), √חגג (Ps 106:27), √חלל (Ps 108:22), √מההּ (Ps 118:60), √שׁמם (Ps 142:4).

            [14] Field, Origenis Hexaplorum, 178. 

            [15] Field, Origenis Hexaplorum, 178. Cf. Bernard de Montfaucon, ed., Eusebii Pamphili Caesariensis Episcopi Commentarii in Psalmos (Paris, 1705), 548: “Α. ἡ καρδία μου ὠδίνησεν ἐν ἐγκάτοις μου. Σ: ἡ καρδία μου διεστροφᾶτο ἔνδον μου” (p. 548). Note (p. 550): “ἡκαρδία  &c. Has Aquilae & Symmachi interpretationes exhibet Eusebius in Psalmos.”

            [16] Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th edn, ed. Henry Stuart Jones (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), 2030.

            [17] Cordula Bandt, ed., Eusebius X: Der Psalmenkommentar 2. Teil, 1. Band: Die Kommentare zu Psalm 51–71 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2024), 34.

 

            [18] The critical apparatus notes that Ca (= Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 139) and Cb (Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. Z 17), the only other witnesses for this section of the commentary, omit this particular passage. Thus, “E” (= Codex Coislinianus 44), is the sole witness to these Hexaplaric quotations.

            [19] Jean-Paul Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca, Patrologiae Graecae Tomus XXIII (Paris 1857), 476.

            [20] Bernard de Montfaucon, ed., Eusebii Pamphili Caesariensis Episcopi Commentarii in Psalmos (Paris, 1705), 231. 

            [21] “dlḥ,” in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, https://cal.huc.edu/index.html.

            [22] “hpk,” in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, https://cal.huc.edu/index.html.

            [23] It does not appear, for example, in Muraoka (2009), Bailly 2020 – Hugo Chávez (2020), or the Cambridge Greek Lexicon edited by Diggle (2020).

            [24] There is some evidence for ε interchanging with ο in the Roman period, but this evidence is slight. See Benjamin Kantor, The Pronunciation of New Testament Greek: Judeo-Palestinian Greek Phonology and Orthography from Alexander to Islam (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2023), §8.3.7.3.VI.

            [25] Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966), §866; Evert van Emde Boas et al., The Cambridge Grammar of Classical Greek (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), §23.43; Pierre Chantraine, Morphologie historique du grec, 2nd edn (Paris: Klincksieck, 1984), §284–5.

            [26] A.T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (New York: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914), 147. 

            [27] Smyth, Greek Grammar, §866.1.

            [28] Cf. Adrados, et al., DGE (2006): “retorcerse.” For the noun διαστροφή, see Franco Montanari, The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek, ed. Madeleine Goh and Chad Schroeder (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 510: “to be twisted, distorted, contorted.” Another possibility is that διαστροφάομαιis related to the verb στρωφάω, which means “to turn hither and thither” (Montanari, The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek, 1978) – a frequentative form of στρέφω (“turn”) (cf. Smyth, Greek Grammar, §867). One issue with this interpretation is that the verb (δια)στρωφάω has an o-mega in its stem, while the verb διαστροφάομαι has an o-mikron. On the other hand, these letters were often interchanged. See Kantor, Pronunciation, §8.3.10.1.I. The other issue with connecting διαστροφάομαι with στρωφάω is that it would yield a less suitable meaning in the context.

            [29] Cf. Field, Origenis Hexaplorum, 178.

            [30] Theodoret provides the reading for vv. 3b–4a (Göttingen preliminary edition, §54.20).

            [31] Verse 4bc is based on quotations in both Theodoret (Göttingen preliminary edition, 54.23) and Eusebius (Bandt, Eusebius, 30, from the catena manuscripts Ca and Cb; Codex Coislinianus 44 reads ἐπέγραψαν). The quotation in Eusebius differs slightly from that in Theodoret. Whereas Theodoret has εἰς ἀσέβειαν, Eusebius has only ἀσέβειαν. Field places the εἰς in brackets, noting that it is missing from one manuscript of Theodoret. It is difficult to make sense of εἰς in the syntactic context, and it does not correspond to any word or morpheme in the Hebrew text. Perhaps it is a scribal error (cf. the following ἀσ-). Jerome, who often followed Symmachus in his Hebrew-based translation of the Psalter, might provide indirect support for the quotation as it appears in Eusebius, i.e., without εἰς: quoniam proiecerunt super me iniquitatem. Robert Weber/Roger Gryson, eds., Biblia Sacra: iuxta vulgatam versionem, editio quinta (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2007), 835.

            [32] Field, Origenis Hexaplorum, 178, has retroverted v. 5b from the Syro-Hexapla: ܘܡܪܢܝܬܐ ܕܚܝܠܬܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ ܢܦܠܢ ܗܘܝ ܥܠܝ.

            [33] “Writhe,” Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/writhe.

            [34] de Blois, “חיל.” Cf. Schleusner, Thesaurus, 583: Convenit haec versio cum propria vocis Hebr. significatione, quae est volvendi et distorquendi. The 1917 JPS Tanakh translates this line as “My heart doth writhe within me.” Friedrich Baethgen, Die Psalmen (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1904), 160, translates it as “windet sich.”
Acknowledgements

Author: Ryan Sikes
Revisor(s): Felix Albrecht, Stefan Schorch
Contributor: Johannes Gronemann (lemma data curation)
Technical Infrastructure: Malte Rosenau (interface design)
Permalink: https://septuaginta.uni-goettingen.de/lexicon/article/diastrophasthai/

This entry was prepared by Ryan Sikes and revised by Felix Albrecht and Stefan Schorch within the framework of the DFG–ISF project “Digital Dictionary of Rare Lexemes in Symmachus’ Psalter: Laying the Foundation for a Comprehensive Lexicon of Jewish Revisions of the Septuagint”. Digital infrastructure and interface design by Malte Rosenau.

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